Tips -Cancer and Therapeutic Nutrition
CANCER THERAPY
Nutrition absorption can be adversely affected by cancer. This can then be compounded by therapies used to treat the tumours. During recovery from treatment, the body is going placed under extreme pressure as it is not only fighting the cancer cells, but it is working to repair any damage to healthy cells. Below are some of the conventional methods used to treat cancer, together with their potential nutritional implications.
Surgery
The effects of surgery will depend on the location and extent of surgery undertaken. Some common surgeries include:
- Gastrointestinal Surgery – impaired nutrient absorption, particularly fat.
- Head and Neck Surgery – interference with chewing and swallowing
- Pancreatectomy – possible secondary occurrence of diabetes mellitus
Radiation Therapy
The nutritional effects of radiation therapy will depend on the location and dose of radiation received. Radiation therapy can have various effects on a person’s ability to absorb nutrients.
These include:
- Impaired salivary secretion
- Altered taste sensation
- Nausea and/or loss of appetite
- Sore mouth/throat
- Esophageal irritation
- Diarrhea
- Gastric ulcers
- Enteritis
- Mal-absorption
- Weight loss
Chemotherapy
Nausea and vomiting are common side-effects of most chemotherapy agents. These can have further effects on nutritional absorption which include:
- Reduced food intake
- Weakness/lethargy
- Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
- Weight loss
Other negative impacts of chemotherapy are mucosal damage, appetite suppression, malabsorption syndrome, vitamin deficiencies, constipation and diarrhoea. The event and degree of these effects will vary depending on the agent used.
Immunotherapy
This type of therapy aims to stimulate the immune system. This treatment can cause flu-like symptoms including:
- Chills
- Fever
- Malaise
- Nausea
- Body aches
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