Study Production Nursery Operations and Management by Distance Learning
Train to be a manager, owner or supervisor in a Production Nursery.
This course is for anyone who works in the wholesale or production nursery industry.
This course develops an understanding of plant propagation (seed and cuttings), nursery hygiene, plant health, potting mixes and soils, production efficiencies, marketing, management, and more. This is a 900 hour covering both management and horticultural studies relating to running a wholesale nursery.
Modules
Note that each module in the Advanced Cert in Applied Management - Wholesale Nursery is a short course in its own right, and may be studied separately.
COURSE STRUCTURE
This course is comprised of:
*Core studies - Four units (400 hours) of compulsory subjects for all students.
*Elective studies – Three stream units for the development of knowledge in a chosen industry sector.
*Project – a workplace project of 200 hrs relevant to your field of study. The project specifically aims to provide the student with the opportunity to apply and integrate skills and knowledge developed through various areas of formal study. Contact the school for more information.
CORE UNITS Click on each module for more details
- Office Practices
Develops basic office skills covering use of equipment, communication systems (telephone, fax, etc) and office procedures such as filing, security, workplace organisations, etc.
Business Operations
- Develops knowledge of basic business operations and procedures (eg. types of businesses, financial management, business analysis, staffing, productivity, etc) and the skills to develop a 12 month business plan.
- Management
- Develops knowledge of management structures, terminology, supervision, recruitment and workplace health and safety.
- Marketing Foundations.
- Develops a broad understanding of marketing and specific skills in writing advertisements, undertaking market research, developing an appropriate marketing plan and selling.
STREAM
The stream studies are as follows:
1. WHOLESALE NURSERY MANAGEMENT
COURSE AIMS
- Explain the significance of property, marketing and contracts to site selection.
- Estimate the cost of producing different plant varieties as specified marketable products.
- Develop a nutritional program for plants in a wholesale nursery.
- Explain the implementation of integrated pest management in a specified nursery situation.
- Explain different chemical methods of controlling plant appearance.
COURSE STRUCTURE
This subject involves eight lessons as follows:
1.Nursery Site Organisation: Buying an established nursery or establishing a new site, site planning, estimating space requirements.
2. Management: Government and commercial nurseries, partnerships, companies, sole proprietorships, developing a management structure, labour relations and seasonal staff, work programs and production timing.
3. Nutrition and Pest Management: Field crops, container plants, principles of fertiliser use and plant nutrition.
4. Growing Media: Soils and soil-free mixes, rockwool, sterilisation, techniques.
5. Irrigation: Methods and equipment, estimation of water requirements and use of liquid fertilisers through irrigation.
6. Modifying Plant Growth: Modification techniques, flower forcing and quality control.
7. Marketing Strategies: Exploiting existing markets, developing new markets, advertising, product presentation, pricing, plant recycling.
8. Selection of Nursery Crops: Developing a stock list, operational flow charts, market surveys.
2. PROPAGATION I
COURSE STRUCTURE
The course is divided into ten lessons as follows:
1. Introduction to Propagation – asexual and sexual propagation, plant life cycles, nursery production systems
2. Seed Propagation
3. Potting Media
4. Vegetative Propagation I - cuttings
5. Vegetative Propagation II – care of stock plants; layering, division and other techniques
6. Vegetative Propagation III – budding and grafting, tissue culture
7. Propagation Structures and Materials – greenhouses, propagating equipment
8. Risk Management – nursery hygiene, risk assessment and management
9. Nursery Management I – plant modification techniques, management policies
10. Nursery Management II – nursery standards, cost efficiencies, site planning and development
COURSE AIMS
- Develop the ability to source information on plant propagation, through an awareness of industry terminology and information sources.
- Plan the propagation of different plant species from seeds, using different seed propagation methods.
- Plan the propagation of different types of plants from cuttings, using different cutting propagation methods.
- Plan the propagation of various types of plants using a range of propagation techniques, excluding cuttings and seed.
- Determine the necessary facilities, including materials and equipment, required for propagation of different types of plants.
- Determine a procedure to minimise plant losses during propagation.
- Determine the management practices of significance to the commercial viability of a propagation nursery.
- Design a propagation plan for the production of a plant.
3. CUTTING PROPAGATION
COURSE STRUCTURE
The course is divided into eight lessons as follows:
1. Introduction. The principles of propagating plants by cuttings.:Importance of cuttings, Phenotype vs genotype, why choose cutting propagation, where to get cuttings from, basic cutting technique.
2. Stem cuttings. Ease with which tissue forms roots, types of stem cuttings (softwood, hardwood, semi hardwood, herbaceous, tip, heel, nodal, cane etc), treatments (eg. basal heat, mist, tent, etc), testing rooting, etc.
3. Non-stem cuttings. Leaf cuttings, root cuttings (natural suckering with or without division, Induced suckering, In situ whole root cuttings; ex situ detached root cuttings), bulb cuttings, scaling and twin scaling, sectioning, basal cuttage.
4. Materials and equipment. Selection and maintenance of stock plants; disinfecting cutting material;
5. Growing media. Propagation media; biological, chemical and physical characteristics of propagation and potting media, Testing for toxins, air filled porosity, potting up cuttings, soil-less mixes, rockwool, etc.
6. Factors affecting rooting. Juvenility, Cutting Treatments (hormones & their application, anti transparents, acid/base treatments, disinfectants etc), Callusing, Mycorrhizae, Carbon Dioxide enrichment, etc.
7. Setting up a propagation area. Creating and managing an appropriate cutting environment in terms of: Water; Disease; Temperature; Light and Air Quality. Greenhouses and other structures, watering methods (mist, fog, capillary etc), heating, etc.
8. Management of cutting crops. Estimating cost of production; Keeping records, etc.
COURSE AIMS
- To familiarise the student with the principles of propagating plants by cuttings
- To develop an understanding of how to propagate plants from stem cuttings
- To develop an understanding of how to propagate plants from non-stem cuttings
- To develop an understanding of the materials and equipment used for propagating plants from stems
- To understand the principles of growing media in relation to cutting propagation
- To understand how and why cuttings form roots. To learn how to manipulate the formation of roots on cuttings
- To understand the principles for establishing successful plant propagation areas
- To understand the principles of nursery crop scheduling
Learn the Nurseryman's Language
Bare Rooted These are plants that have been 'lifted' from their growing area without the soil
or growing media left around their roots. This is common for many deciduous
ornamental trees (eg: elms, ashes, maples) and fruit trees (eg: apricot, apple,
peach, pear), and shrubs such as roses. The plants should be planted as soon
as possible to prevent the roots drying out. They can be temporarily stored if
the roots are covered with a moist material such as peat moss, straw, or rotted
sawdust.
Bedding Plants These are plants used for temporary displays, generally planted out in warmer
seasons (eg: many annuals).
Bottom Heat This is where heat is applied at, or near, the base of plants to stimulate growth.
This can be done in a variety of ways, including under bench heating with heat
cables or hot water pipes, heating of floors in greenhouses using heat cables, or composting materials such as sawdust or manures. (See also Hotbed).
Coldframe This is in effect a mini-greenhouse. Generally unheated, they are commonly used to provide protection for plants being propagated, or for plants that may
need a short period of protection against extremes of climate. They have the
advantage of being readily moveable, and easy to construct.
Dibble Stick This is a short pencil-like stick that is used to make holes in growing media
for the potting-up ('pricking out') of seedlings, or for inserting or potting-up]
cuttings.
Flats These are shallow trays with drainage holes in the bottom, which are commonly
for germinating seeds, or rooting cuttings.
Forcing The use of heat and altered light conditions to induce very early flowering, or
very tall growth. Commonly used in cut flower production.
Growing Media Any material in which plants are being grown can be classified as a growing
media. This includes soil, soilless potting mixes, rockwool, vermiculite, even
water (ie: hydroponics).
Hotbed This is a bed used for plant propagation that provides heat to the base of seed
trays or to pots of cuttings to stimulate germination in seedlings and subsequent
root growth, and root initiation and growth in cuttings. Heat is normally supplied
from either hot water pipes, or from resistance cables which, when an electric
current is passed through them, heats up. These heating elements generally
have some material such as propagating sand, vermiculite, gravel or perlite
placed around them to help spread (diffuse) the heat.
Juvenility A stage of a plants life following the germination of a seed to produce a
seedling. Vegetative growth dominates, and juvenile plants can't respond to
flower-inducing stimuli. In some plants juvenile foliage differs markedly
from adult foliage (eg: some Eucalypts). In difficult to root plants taking
cutting material from stock plants in a juvenile phase will often give better
results than using older (adult growth phase) material.
Living Colour Plants cultivated to provide colourful displays (ie: foliage, flowers, fruit).
These can be either in ground or in containers, and be grown for either short
or long term display.
Micropropagation This is the production (propagation) of plants from very small plant parts,
tissues or cells. They are grown under aseptic conditions in a highly controlled
environment. The term tissue culture is a collective term used to describe a
number of in-vitro procedures used in culturing plant tissue, including
producing haploid plant cells and artificial hybridisation.
Plugs These are individual plants, or small clumps of plants, that are grown in trays
containing large numbers of individual cells. For example, the tray may have 18
cells across by 32 cells along, making a total 576 cells per tray, with each
individual cell having measuring 20 x 20mm and with a depth of 30mm. Each
cell having an individual drainage hole. The trays are filled with a growing media
and seed planted into each cell, either by hand (very slow) or by machine.
There are machines that are capable of planting individual seeds into each cell,
and very quickly. The trays are made of plastic, that has some degree of
flexibility so that it can be bent a little to allow easy removal of individual
plugs (root ball and growing media combined). This type of growiong system, is
ideal for flower and vegetable seedlings, and can be highly mechanised
(eg: filling trays with soil, seeding, potting up individual plugs).
Potted Colour Plants grown in containers to provide a colourful display. They are commonly
used as an alternative to cut flowers (eg: Chyrsanthemums in 150mm pots),
and are generally discarded once their peak display (eg: flowering) has finished.
Provenance This is also known as 'seed origin' and refers to where the seed has been
produced. This can give an indication of the particular genetic characteristics of
the seed (eg: size, shape, flower colour, adaptation to climatic conditions,
resistance to pest & diseases, tolerance to different soil conditions).
Scarification This is any process that breaks, scratches, cuts, mechanically alters, or softens
seed coats to make them more impermeable to water and gases. Techniques
include dipping in hot water, dipping in concentrated sulphuric acid, removing
hard seed coats with sand paper, and nicking seed coats with a sharp knife.
Standards THese are where plants are grown a single tall stem (eg: some fruit trees &
roses). Some prostrate cultivars are also budded or grafted onto taller
stemmed rootstocks to create pendulous forms (eg: weeping elm, Grevillea
gaudi-chaudi & Royal Mantle).
Stock Plants These are the parent plants from which cutting propagation material is
obtained. There are three main scources of stock plant material. These are i)
plants growing in parks, around houses, in the wild, etc. ii) prunings or
trimmings from young nursery plants, and iii) plants grown specifically as a
scource of cutting material. Stock plants should be correctly identified (and
true to type), and in a healthy condition.
Stratification This is where dormant seeds, that have imbibed water, are subjected to a
period of chilling to 'after-ripen' the embryo. This process is also known as
moist-chilling. Dry seeds should be soaked in water prior to stratification.
Seeds are then usually mixed with some sort of moisture retaining material,
such as coarse washed sand, or peat or sphagnum moss, or vermiculite. The
material should be moistioned prior to mixing. The mix is then stored at a
temperature of 0 - 10 degrees C. The lower shelf of a domestic refridgerator
is usually suitable. The time of stratification will depend on seed type, but
usually 1 - 4 months. In areas with cool winters, stratification can be
carried out in beds outdoors, but seeds should be protected from pests such as
birds, or mice.
Tissue Culture see Micropropagation
Tubes Small, narrow containers, commonly used for the first potting -up stage of newly
propagated seed or cuttings. The tube-like nature encourages new roots to
grow straight down, reducing the risk of roots coiling. A common 'tube' used in
Australia has an upper diameter of 50mm, a depth of around 70mm, tapering
down to a lower diameter of about 40mm. This type is most widely used in
producing stock for planting up into larger containers. Deeper tubes are also
commonly used for tubing-up quick growing seedlings that are to be used in large
scale plantings (eg: reafforestation, farms, trees). Some nurseries specialise in
just tubestock production for sale to other nurseries, for growing on.
Tubestock Plants grown in tube-like containers (see Tubes above).
Wounding Root production on cuttings can oftened be promoted by wounding the base of
cuttings. A common method of wounding plants is to cut away a thin strip of
bark, about 1.5 to 3cm long (this will depend on the size of the cutting)
from each side of the cutting near the base. The strip should not be cut too
deeply, just enough to expose the cambium layer (the soft layer of new growth
between the wood and the bark), without cutting very deeply into the wood
beneath.
Recommended Books
Nursery Management by John Mason
Paperback book. http://www.acsbookshop.com/products/1744-nursery-management-2nd-edition.aspx
Propagating from Cuttings by John Mason
Growing Ferns by John Mason
Paperback book http://www.acsbookshop.com/products/2013-growing-ferns.aspx
Trees and Shrubs for Warm Places by John Mason
Growing Trees and Shrubs for Small Gardens by John Mason
